31st
In the 1930’s Austrian cultural life enjoyed the work and passion of many Jewish artists. It was the same at the Vienna State Opera, pictured here. A famed conductor, a lowly laundress, singers, dancers, musicians. Jews, part Jews, or married to Jews - they were all a valued part of Vienna’s opera family - until the Nazis came in 1938. Thereafter no Jew was permitted to be involved in any way with any kind of public cultural life.